[Ra, GOD of the Sun] Thoth, GOD of Wisdom ; or: Ra, GOD of the Sun; Creator of the world; poss. identified with the Great Cackler (celestial bird); poss. identified with Seth ibn Adam (q.v.)
Radbot I (Duke/Ruler) of FRIESLAND (? - 719) ; aka Radbod (Rodbar, Radboud I, Radbodius, Radbodus, Redbad Ratbod) `the Pagan' of the FRISIANS; aka Ratbo....
Radbot (Radeboto) (Graf) im KLETTGAU (983?? - 1045?) ; (built HABSBURG, meaning `Hawk's Castle'); aka Radboto ALTENBURG; aka Radbod von HOHENBURG
Radiation Era / Recombination Epoch (380,000 - 300 Million) ; (initial temp 3000 K); (cooling sufficient to produce hydrogen atoms and molecules; the de-ionized univer....
Radulphus RUFFUS (1st of KINNAIRD) (Normandy? ? - by 1214) ; (a noble Norman soldier and friend of King William the Lion, who granted him Kinnaird in Perthshire)
[Ragnar `Lodbrock' HALFDANSSON, q.v.] Harold KLAK (Jarl/Ruler) of JUTLAND (800? - 844) ; aka Harald HALVDANSSON av JYLLAND; aka Klack-Harald von DANEMARK; built the Danevirke; poss. confused wit....
Ragnvald (Earl/Jarl) of MORE (Denmark/Norway 837? - 892? Orkney) ; or: Bernard the DANE; `the Wise' EYSTEINSSON; Jarl of ORKNEY; aka Rogerwald of HAARFARER ?; 1st Earl of the ORKNEYS
Raimon de SABRAN du CAILAR (1155? - 1209? (or '24?)) ; aka Raimond (Rainou?) of SABRAN; poss. Lord of Castellar & Forcalq; (many sources show him and 'brother' Renier as same person)
Rainatius I FARNESE (Duke) of PARMA (1569? - 1622) ; (Rainuzio Ranuccio Rainautius); (became Heir of PORTUGAL when AVIS line became extinct on the death of Ra....
Ralf de CAISNETO (CHESNEY; CHASNEY) (Quesnai, Normandy 1044? - 1086+ England) ; or: poss. Richard (Ralf's brother); aka Ralph (Sire) de QUESNAY; (de CAYNETO)
[Ralph de ARDEN (Turchill's son)] Turchill (of Kingsbury) de WARWICK (? - 1086+) ; or: poss. Ralph de ARDEN (Turchill's son); aka Thorkill de ARDEN; `one of few Englishmen to retain land after the Conquest'
Ralph (3rd of Sapcote) BASSET (? - 1378) ; 1st Baron Basset of SAPCOTE; (some sources show an extra generation, this Ralph son of Sibyl Astley and a different Ralph Basset)
Ralph (Ralf Randulphus) FitzORM (Staffords. 1125? - ?) ; aka Radulfus ap ORM de DERLAVESTON (& Okeover); aka Ralph OKEOVER; (held Okeover from the Montgomeries of Cubley)
Ralph (of Writtle) FitzRALPH ; aka Raff (Rafe) WRITTLE; (granted Manor of Writtle by Margaret Countess of Galloway)
Ralph de MONTALT ; or: poss. Andomar de MONTE ALTO (Ralph's nephew)
Ralph of Montfort de GAEL (1047+ - 1096?) ; aka Ralph II von GAEL; (de GUARDER; de GADER; de GODER; de WAHER); Sn. of MONTFORT; (prob. not Earl of HE....
Ralph I NEVILL (de NEVILLE) (1363? - 1425) ; 4th Baron of Raby; 1st Earl of WESTMORELAND; K.G.; Marshall (later co-Regent) of England; Warden of west marches
Ralph I NEVILL (1406? - 1484) ; 2nd Earl of WESTMORELAND
Ralph NEVILL (1456? - 1498) ; 3rd Earl of Westmoreland
Rama (King) of AYUDDHA & KOSALA (1932? BC - ?) ; HERO of the RAMAYANA, killing the demon Ravana; the 7th AVATAR OF VISHNU (GOD); aka Padma, Ramachandra
Ramathibodi I (King) of SIAM in AYUDHYA (? - 1369?) ; aka U Thong; aka Sultan Mad Zafar Syah III; aka Rama Thibodi I; (Governor of Phetchaburi, then 1st King o....
Rambaud BERENGER de ROYANS (? - 1250?) ; Sn. de JARJAYES; aka Rambaud Osasicca (Ossassicca Ossassica) BERENGER Jambes-Seches; Sn de ST. NAZAIRE en Royans
[Ramesses II] Merneptah (PHARAOH) of EGYPT ; 4th King of the 19th Dynasty; (14th of Ramses' 96 sons); aka Mer-ne-ptah Hetepher-maat; defeated Libyans ....
Ramiro I (King) of ASTURIAS (& LEON) (790? - 850) ; aka Ramiro I BERMUDEZ de LEON; (deposed the elected King Nepociano to restore the Beni Alfonso Dynasty)
Ramses (Ramesses) II (PHARAOH) of EGYPT (1302? BC - 1213 BC) ; aka Usirmare Setepenre (User-maat-re Setep-en-re) Ramesse II; 3rd/4th King of the 19th Dynasty; `the Grea....
Ramses I (PHARAOH) of EGYPT (1345? BC - 1294 BC) ; 1st/2nd King of the 19th Dynasty; aka Userkheperure Setepenre Seti Merenptah Ramessid ?
[Randolph (Thomas' brother)] Thomas JEFFERSON (Virg. 13/3/1743 - 4/7/1826 Monticello, Virg.) ; President of the United States #3; author of the Declaration of Independence ; (MIPHMHH #64)
[Ranulph III (q.v. : Ranulph's son)] Ranulph (Ralph) II le MESCHINES (Normandy 1050? - 1128? Cheshire) ; Vicomte of BAYEUX (BAYEAUX); Lord of CUMBERLAND (& Carlilse)
Ranulph PEVEREL (1030? - 1072) ; Lord of Hatfield Peverel; poss. aka Radulf FitzPAYN
[Raymond III 5th Count (q.v. : Raymond's son) or: (NN), a serf] Raymond III PONS (Count) of TOULOUSE (914? - 957?) ; or: Raymond III 5th Count (q.v. : Raymond's son); aka Raimond III TAILLEFER
Rebecca Ann HAMMER (Ohio 1827 - 1900 Utah) ; at age 11 after the massacre at Haun's Mill, Rebecca walked from Caldwell County to Illinois, her family possessing but one blind horse
Recent Glaciation (100,000 BC - 14,000 BC) ; (this glaciation is named Wurm, Weichselian, Devensian, Wisconsin in resp. Alps, Scandinavia, Britain, U.S.A.); ...
[Rees ap GRIFFITH (Rhys' grandson)] Rhys (I) ap TEWDWR MAWR (997? - 1093) ; King of DEHEUBARTH (SOUTH WALES); ap TEWDYR; founded Second Royal Tribe of Wales; Upholder (King) of the BRITONS
[Renfrid de TAILLEBOIS] Gilbert `Crispin' (Count) de BRIENNE (985? - 1040) ; aka Gislebert Crispin (Count) d' EU; (FitzGODFREY; BRUINE; BRION; BRIONNE); Sn. de TILLIERES; tutor of Wm the Conqueror
Reupen I `the Great' (King) of ARMENIA (? - 1092?) ; aka Roupen (Rupin Ruben) I PAKRADUNI; Prince of CILICIA; Lord of GOBIDAR & Gorosomol; eponym of RUBENID
Rhea Silvia (Princess) of ALBA LONGA ; (1st Vestal Virgin, raped by Mars, imprisoned by her uncle Amulius who threw her sons into the River); aka Ilia
Rhea (Rheia) the TITAN ; Mother of the GODS; aka Cybele (Cibele); aka Ops (Roman); aka Tellus (GODDESS of Earth); aka Flow
[Rhea the TITAN, q.v.] Combe of PHRYGIA ; or: Rhetia or: Rhea the TITAN, q.v. or: Minerva GODDESS of Wisdom, q.v.
[Rhea the TITAN, q.v.] Gaia (Gaea) the Earth GODDESS ; aka Earth, Mother of Mountains; poss. same as Cybele (q.v., ancient Anatolian GODDESS); aka Terra (Tellus)
[Rhodah (q.v.)] Esther (Princess) ha-DAVID ; aka Estra (Esthra) bat PEDAYA; (3rd wife); since she was a Davidic princess her children took precedence ....
Rhodah (Princess) of PERSIA (? - 571? BC) ; aka Rhodogune (Rhoda); (2nd wife of Zorobabel, who was her 1st husband)
Rhodri `the Great' (MAWR) ap MERFYN (789? - 878?) ; 1st King of United WALES; King of the BRITONS; (Rodri); Tywysog Deau Cymru; defeated Vikings in 856
Rhydderch I (King) of ALT CLUT (? - 614?) ; or: one of Rhydderch's cousin or uncles; aka Rhydderch Hael, Riderch `the Generous' of STRATHCLYDE; (slaughtered forces of Gwenddoleu at Battle of....
Rhys (I) ap TEWDWR MAWR (997? - 1093) ; King of DEHEUBARTH (SOUTH WALES); ap TEWDYR; founded Second Royal Tribe of Wales; Upholder (King) of the BRITONS
Richard (Sir) EMPSON (? - 1510 Tower Hill) ; Speaker of House of Commons; (tax-gatherer for King Henry VII; `one of the most most hated men in the realm')
Richard II (King) of ENGLAND (Bordeaux 6/1/1367 - 1400 Pontefract Castle) ; (K.G.); (King from an early age, troubled, idolized; throne usurped by his cousin Henry (IV), q.v., of Lancaster)
Richard FitzGILBERT (de) CLARE (1035? - 1089) ; poss. fought at Hastings with Wm the Conqueror; Earl of CLARE; (of TUNBRIDGE); Justiciar of England; aka ....
[Richard de LUVETOT (Baron of SOUTHOE)] Roger de LOVETOT ; or: poss. Richard de LUVETOT (Baron of SOUTHOE); (held 2 kts fees of the abbey of Peterborough in 1125)
Richard `the Kingmaker' NEVILLE (1428 - 14/4/1471) ; 14th/16th Earl of WARWICK; 2nd Earl of Salisbury; K.G.; fought for Yorkists; won 1st Battle of St. Alban'....
Richoldus I Uffo (King) of FRIESLAND (? - 416?) ; (succeeded his brother-in-law Duke Udolphus, 'but proud of his victories over the Danes and Normans, took the title of King'); ...
Richomir (Patrician) of BURGUNDY (550? - 607?) ; aka Richemeres (Ricomere Richomer) (Duke) von FRANCONIA; aka Ricomer (Duke) of the BURGUNDIANS; aka Richimer (Lord) in FRANCIA
Riotham ap DEROCH (Prince) of DOMNONEE (435? - 470?) ; aka Riothamus filius DAROCUS (High King?) of BRITTANY; aka Riwal (Rigotamos) I; poss. aka Arthur in CAMELOT
[Riphath ben GOMER (q.v., Irish)] Bath (Baath Biath) ; or: Riphath ben GOMER (q.v., Irish)
Riphath (Ripath) SCOT ben GOMER ; or: Bath, q.v., g-grandson of Japhet (acc. Nennius); (Riphat Reif Rus), settled SCYTHIA; progenitor of SLAVIC people; one of the Progenitors of Europe
[Riphath SCOT, q.v.] Joham ; or: Riphath SCOT, q.v.; (son of Japheth in Nennius' ancient alternate genealogy); poss. same as Javan
[Robert (Robert's father)] Robert (IV) le BRUS (1103? - 1190?) ; 2nd Lord of ANNANDALE
[Robert (Robert's nephew)] Robert (IV) le BRUS (1103? - 1190?) ; 2nd Lord of ANNANDALE
[Robert (q.v., William's son)] William (Walkeline) de FERRERS (1136? - 1191 Palestine) ; aka Walcheline (Robert) de FERRIERES; 3rd Earl of DERBY; Lord of OAKHAM; Crusader
[Robert (David's father)] David (1st Laird of ROSYTH) STEWART (? - by 1444) ; or: Robert (David's father) or: prob. not John of Lorn, q.v.; (of ROSSAITH)
[Robert (Count) of AMIENS (Richard's brother?)] Richard I (Count) of AMIENS (775?? - 825+) ; or: Robert (Count) of AMIENS (Richard's brother?) or: prob. not Boso III `the Old', q.v.
Robert (Sir) de BAUDRICOURT ; Capt. at Vaucoloulers; (first to declare Jeanne d'Arc of Domremy to be the prophesied `Maiden of Lorraine' who would unite France)
Robert de BEAUMONT (1st Earl of LEICESTER) (1047? - 1118) ; aka Robert Ier de BEAUMONT-LE-ROGER; Earl of MELLENT; BELLOMONT; de MEULAN; certainly fought at Hastings with Wm the Conqueror
Robert VII BRUCE (1243 - 1304) ; Earl of CARRICK; 6th Lord of Annandale; signatory of the Turnberry Band ; Guardian of SCOTLAND; aka Robert III de BRUS
Robert (I; `the Good'; the) BRUCE (1274 - 1329) ; aka Roibert (Roibeirt) a Briuis, Raibeart (VIII) Bruis; 32nd King (anti-King) of SCOTS; though outnumbere....
[Robert (Robert's son)] Robert de BULKYLEGH (Bulkeley, Cheshire 1189? - 1226?) ; or: poss. Robert (Robert's son); Lord of BULKELEY, Eaton, etc.; aka Robert BUCLOUGH (BULKILEH; de BULKILIEGH)
Robert de BULKYLEGH (Bulkeley, Cheshire 1189? - 1226?) ; or: poss. Robert (Robert's son); Lord of BULKELEY, Eaton, etc.; aka Robert BUCLOUGH (BULKILEH; de BULKILIEGH)
Robert de BURGO (Count; de) MORTAIGNE (Normandy 1040? - 1090) ; certainly fought at Hastings with Wm the Conqueror; 1st Earl of CORNWALL & Montgomery; (MORTAIN; de CONTEVILLE)
Robert (FitzROY; of GLOUCESTER) de CAEN (Normandy 1090? - 1147 Gloucests.) ; `the Consul'; Earl of MEULLENT & GLOUCESTER; (staunch defender of his half-sister, Empress Maud Lady of the English)
[Robert of Caerlaverock MAXWELL] Herbert (Sir) MAXWELL (1366 - 1420) ; Laird of CAERLAVEROCK
Robert II CURTHOSE (Duke) of NORMANDY (1052? - 1133) ; Crusader in 1st Crusade, having pawned Normandy to his brother King William II; defeated by his brother H....
Robert DUDLEY (1574 - 1649) ; (His legitimacy doubted, he failed to inherit Leicester, moved to Italy where he was called `` Duke of Northumberland '')
[Robert Feltom of Litcham (q.v., Simon's brother or cousin)] Simon (of West Felton) FELTON ; or: poss. Robert Feltom of Litcham (q.v., Simon's brother or cousin)
Robert (II) de FERRERS (FERRIERS) (Ferrers, Derbys. 1100? - by 1160 Warwicks.) ; 2nd Earl of Derby; (some sources insert two extra generations here, making the 3rd Earl the ``5th Earl'' and so on)
[Robert filius Turstin (dispensator regis)] William I MONTGOMERY (de TALVAS; DESPENCER ?) (1099? - 1172) ; (de Talvace; Talovas) Count/Duke of ALENCON; aka William (II; III) TALVAS (Count) of PONTHIEU; (according....
Robert FitzHAMON (1057? - 1107) ; Lord of Thoringni, Creuilly, Tewkesbury, Glamorgan; 5th Earl of CORBEIL; aka Robt. FitzHamo St. Clair; poss. aka Robert de CREVEQUEUR
Robert FitzROBERT (Conerton, Cornwell ? - 1160+) ; CASTELLAN of GLOUCESTER
Robert (de WARKWORTH) FitzROGER (by 1177 - by 1214) ; `the Hospitaller'; Lord of CLAVERING; 2nd Baron of WARKWORTH; Lord of HORSEFORD; poss. aka Robert de STOKES
Robert FitzWALTER (de HASTINGS) (1075? - by 1129) ; Lord of LITTLE EASTON (ESTAIN); (sometimes named Robert FitzWALTER de WINDSOR and shown as son of Walter ....
Robert I GUISCARD (HAUTEVILLE) (Normandy 1015? - 1085 Italy) ; Duca (Duke) di APULIA; `the Astute' (meaning og nickname `Guiscard'); Crusader commander in 1st Crusade
Robert (K.B.) HARLEY (1579 - 1656) ; M.P.; Master of Monies (but removed after murder of King Charles I for refusing to mint coins without the King's likeness)
Robert (K.G.) HARLEY (London 1661 - 1724) ; Speaker of House of Commons; Baron of Wigmore; 1st Earl of OXFORD & Mortimer (a double title because the....
Robert (of Adlington) LEGH ; (confusion: some sources show the Robert who m. Ellen Booth to be the father of the Robert who m. Isabel Stanleyu, not the son!)
Robert (de; of ADLINGTON) LEGH (? - 1370?) ; (some sources show two Robert Legh's with similar dates, the one who married Norley being this one's uncle)
Robert (1st Baron of IRNHAM) LUTTRELL (Irnham, Lincolns. 1255? - 1297) ; (Feudal Lord, but too young on father's death, he did military service and was then called to Parliament)
Robert (Durand) MALET (1003? - ?) ; poss. aka `father-in-law of King Harald' (as shown here, Robert was brother-in-law of father-in-law); Sire de GRAVILLE
Robert MALET (1094? - by 1156) ; Lord of Curry Malet
Robert (Roger; FitzRALPH de) MOHAUT (Flints. ? - 1162?) ; aka Robertus Dapifer de MONTE ALTO; (family named after Mons Altus (hill) in Flintshire, variously called....
Robert (II; de) MONTGOMERY (Wales or Normandy 1053? - 1131) ; d' ALENCON; de BELLEME; 3rd Earl of SHREWSBURY & Arundel; (noted for cruelty, enjoyed torturing)
[Robert (q.v. : Edward's brother) or: poss. Edward's father or brother] Edward of Synton (de) KEITH (Scotl. 1280? - 17/10/1346) ; or: Robert (q.v. : Edward's brother); Marischal of Scotland
Robert (Sir; de) POLLOK (POLLOCK) (Scotl. 1561? - 1625? Eire) ; King James I granted him large estate in County Derry, New Scotland (Eire); had two sons named Robert II
Robert de POLLOK (Shrops.? 1119? - by 1208 Scotl.) ; aka Robertus de POLLOC; friend of Walter the Stewart
Robert STEWART (Earl of FIFE) (1339 - 1420) ; 1st Duke of ALBANY; Regent of Scotland; (he and his heirs schemed for the Throne of SCOTLAND, he arrested....
[Robin(?) of KESSEL] Elizabeth de BRABANT (? - 1355?) ; aka Isabella von BRABANT-AERSCHOT; (Peter Stewart confirms that she is Gerhard's only wife and the mother of his heir, Wilhelm V)
Roboam (Rehoboam) (3rd King) of ISRAEL (1002? BC - 913? BC) ; ha-DAVID; aka Rehbem (Rekhav'an) ben SHELMOH; (after division of Kingdom became 3rd King of JUDAH); (in h....
[Rodrigo Fernandez de TORONO] Rodrigo Rodriguez de LARA (1123? - ?) ; (according to Todd A. Farmerie, he was a genealogical fraud -- Rodrigo Rodriguez de Lara did not exist)
Rodrigo (last King) of the VISIGOTHS (670? - 19/7/711) ; aka Rodrigue (Roderic) BALTHES; Duke of BAETICA; (selected as King when Visigoths became Catholic, defeat....
[Roger (Sir] Robert VI (BRUCE) le BRUS (1210? - 1295) ; 5th Lord of ANNANDALE; Baron of WRITTLE; `the Competitor'; signatory of the Turnberry Band ; (a....
Roger de BEAUCHAMP [alt ped] (Bedfords. ? - 1379) ; 1st Lord of BLETSHO; (pedigree from older sources (based on Roger referring to `grandsire Walter'), now thought impossible)
[Roger CARMINOW (son of Roger's son Oliver, q.v.)] Roger (CARMINOW) de CARMYNOWE (1240? - 1308) ; or: poss. Roger CARMINOW (son of Roger's son Oliver, q.v.); Lord of Trelowith
Roger (CARMINOW) de CARMYNOWE (1240? - 1308) ; or: poss. Roger CARMINOW (son of Roger's son Oliver, q.v.); Lord of Trelowith
Rohese (Rose) de LACY ; or: prob. not Margaret de HUNTINGDON, q.v.; (Alan's 3rd wife)
[Rohese (Rose) de LACY, q.v.] (Miss) of CHESTER ; or: poss. Rohese (Rose) de LACY, q.v.; (Douglas Richardson shows Miss Chester as Helen's mother; other sources differ)
Roland `the Paladin' de VERE (? - 15/8/778) ; aka Rouland (Roldan Rotolando Rutlandus); Earl of MAUNCE & Bleuys; (all lines to the mythical Roland are probably nonsense)
[Rosamund de CLIFFORD (q.v.)] Ida (Countess) de TOSNY (1153? - ?) ; (Researcher Ray Phail recently confirmed that Roger Bigod's wife Ida and Henry's mistress Ida were the same person.); (TONY)
[Rotbald II of GATINAIS] Rotbald II d' ANGELCA (Count) of ARLES (? - by 1011) ; or: Rotbald II of GATINAIS or: Not! Hugh the Great (q.v. : King of FRANCE)
[Rotbert II of LONGOBARDS, q.v.] Dagobert I (11th Archduke) of AUSTRASIA (602? - 638) ; Greatest of MEROVINGIANS; 3rd King of NEUSTRIA; 4th King of All FRANKS; King of Burgundy
Rothari (I; 17th King) of the LONGOBARDS (590? - 652?) ; (of the LOMBARDS); (obtained throne by marrying King Ariovald's widow); produced Langobardian written law; conquered most of Italy
[Rothilde, dau of Lothar I of GERMANY, q.v.] Angiltrude (818? - ?) ; or: prob. not Rothilde, dau of Lothar I of GERMANY, q.v.; aka Agilmunda of BENEVENTURA
Ruaidri (I) UA CONCHOBAIR (? - 1118? (or 1098?)) ; aka Ruaidhri O'CONNER; aka Ruaidri na Saide Buide MacAEDA GAI; 61st King of CONNACHT
Ruaidri (II) UA CONCHOBAIR (? - 1198) ; aka Rory (Roderick) O'CONNOR; aka Ruaidhri O Conchubhair; King of CONNACHT; 183rd (and Last) MONARCH (Ard Ri) of IRELAND
Rudolf IV (of AUSTRIA) von HABSBURG (1218 - 1291) ; aka Rudolf (Rodolphe) I HAPSBURG (King) of the GERMANS; aka Rodulph of HAPSBURGH; Holy Roman EMPEROR
Rudolf II HABSBURG (Holy Roman EMPEROR) (Vienna 1552 - 1612 Prague) ; aka Rudolf V of AUSTRIA; K.G.; K.Go.Fl.; (patron of Kepler and eponym of Kepler's Tabulae Rudolphinae )